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Q: I was recently discharged from the hospital and sent home with a prescription for omeprazole. My pharmacist told me it is a generic form of Prilosec.

Is this a medication I will need to take for the rest of my life?

A: Possibly, but probably not. I would contact your doctor to see how long they intended for you to be on this medication.

Proton pump inhibitors, or PPIs, such as omeprazole, are medications commonly used to treat conditions like heartburn, acid reflux and stomach ulcers. PPIs work by blocking gastric acid secretion in the stomach.

In the hospital setting, proton pump inhibitors may be used to treat or prevent gastrointestinal bleeds or stress ulcers that could occur during a hospital stay. Hospitalized patients may be more likely to experience stress, immobility or inflammation, which can put them at higher risk for a stomach ulcer or bleeding in the stomach lining.

It is possible that your provider wanted to prevent these complications from arising while you recover as well. However, the medication was more than likely meant to be used for only a short period of time.

While some patients are prescribed PPIs long-term, sometimes these medications are continued after patients are discharged from the hospital because the patient does not know to stop taking them. Check with your doctor.

Q: Why should I ask my doctor if I should stop taking it?

A: While PPIs may be tolerated well, they do carry some negative side effects that are important to consider.

PPIs may increase your risks for bone fracture and infection with C. difficile bacteria. PPIs also can cause deficiencies in magnesium or vitamin B12.

PPIs interact with other medications such as blood thinners, seizure drugs and some over-the-counter medications. Consuming alcohol can also increase side effects. These concerns should always be considered before starting any new medication.

Furthermore, stopping a PPI when the medication is not needed will save money and reduce the number of medications you take each day.

Q: Is there a reason for someone to stay on PPIs?

A: Yes. Some patients will continue on PPIs to manage their stomach acid, such as people with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The condition is characterized by severe and chronic acid reflux.

Common symptoms include chest pain — also known as heartburn — nausea, upset stomach, frequent burping or even a dry cough. Those with chronic GERD may be prescribed a PPI either indefinitely or for a short period of time, based upon how severe the symptoms are.

Strategies to reduce acid reflux symptoms include avoiding spicy foods, sitting upright after eating to aid in digestion, and eating smaller, more frequent meals.

Be aware that medications like tetracycline antibiotics, calcium channel blockers and aspirin can cause or worsen heartburn.

Q: So, what do I do about heartburn?

A

: Most people do not need to take a PPI indefinitely, even if heartburn occurs occasionally. Tums, an over-the-counter calcium carbonate medication, is a great option if your symptoms are irregular or only occur with certain problem meals like tacos or spicy chicken wings.

If you struggle with chronic heartburn, there may be better options for you, such as famotidine, a generic form of Pepcid. Always ask your doctor or pharmacist before starting or adjusting your medication regimen.

AnnMarie Baker is a fourth-year Doctor of Pharmacy candidate at VCU School of Pharmacy.

Originally from Philadelphia, she is a graduate of the Honors College at VCU, where she obtained her Bachelor of Science in Biology. Her future career interests include ambulatory care pharmacy and academia.