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What if you could measure your investment performance not only in terms of yield and total return but also by the number of small businesses financed, tons of waste reduced and affordable homes created?

A growing number of “impact” investments allow investors to do just that — while also earning decent yields.

Impact investments belong to a broader principles-based investment universe that also includes mutual funds focusing on companies with strong environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) track records.

Rather than simply encouraging socially responsible corporate practices, however, impact investments aim to have a direct and measurable impact on society or the environment.

Retirees are increasingly drawn to these vehicles, which held more than $500 billion at the end of 2018, according to the Global Impact Investing Network.

Many older investors are thinking about the legacy they want to leave future generations, “and that type of long-term thinking is very much in line with what motivates impact investors,” said Amit Bouri, GIIN’s chief executive officer.

While many of these vehicles are conservative fixed-income instruments, they’re not without risk. Check liquidity restrictions carefully: Some products are designed to be held to maturity.

Investing with an impact

One of the more established impact investments available to individual investors is the Calvert Community Investment Note, launched in 1995.

The note’s portfolio consists of intermediaries and funds that finance affordable housing, community development, education and other initiatives. The minimum investment is just $20, and investors can currently choose maturities ranging from 2020 to 2034, with interest rates of 1.5% to 4%.

Although the product doesn’t offer any guarantees, it has repaid 100% of principal and interest since inception, said Justin Conway, vice president of investment partnerships at Calvert Impact Capital.

CNote offers similar fixed-income products but focuses on economic inclusion. The firm’s flagship note yields 2.75% and invests in federally certified community development financial institutions (CDFIs), which fund loans for small businesses and support sustainable economic growth and affordable housing.

Early this year, CNote launched the Wisdom Fund, which invests in CDFIs that lend to female entrepreneurs. To close the gender wealth gap, “we have to focus on lending to women, and particularly women of color,” said Catherine Berman, CNote’s chief executive officer.

The minimum investment is $25,000, and the fund is designed to generate a 4% annual return over a five-year term. The fund is currently available only to accredited investors — those who have $200,000 in earned income or a net worth of more than $1 million, excluding the value of their home — but CNote may open the fund to nonaccredited investors in the future, Berman said.

Avoiding fossil fuel

The firm Aspiration takes the impact concept a step further, urging customers to think not only about the impact of their investment dollars but also their everyday spending.

In the Aspiration Spend & Save Account, customers who make a deposit of at least $1,000 each month earn a 2% yield. Aspiration is not a bank, but it sweeps customers’ cash to institutions that offer federal deposit insurance and do not lend any money to oil and gas companies.

The firm also scores thousands of companies on how they treat their employees and the planet, so customers can “make spending decisions based on that,” said Andrei Cherny, Aspiration’s chief executive officer.

The account fee is “pay what is fair,” meaning customers can set their own fee — even if it’s zero.

© 2019 The Kiplinger Washington Editors, Inc. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.